Progress refers to the development a child makes from their last validated test result so for this group of children their progress from Year 2 to Year 6.

Individual pupil-level progress scores are calculated in comparison to other pupils nationally. For all mainstream pupils nationally, the average progress score will be zero.

A school’s progress scores for English reading, English writing and mathematics are calculated as its pupils’ average progress scores. This means that school-level progress scores will be presented as positive and negative numbers on either side of zero.

A mark of 0 means pupils do as well as others at KS2 as those with similar prior ability nationally.

A minus score does not mean that pupils did not make progress, but did not make as good progress as others with a similar starting point nationally.

A pupil’s scaled score is based on their raw score. The raw score is the total number of marks a pupil scores in a test, based on the number of questions they answered correctly. The raw score is converted into a scaled score. The range of scaled scores available for each KS2 test is:

• 80 is the lowest scaled score that can be awarded
• 120 is the highest scaled score

A pupil awarded a scaled score of 100 or more has met the expected standard in each test.